Structure of the earth lesson 1 teaching resources. It is the outermost solid part of the earth, normally about 840 kms thick. The densest atmospheric layers are closer to earth and the least dense layers are far away from earth. One might think that the composition of earth can be easily inferred. Different layers of the earth its interior, structure. The interior structure of the earth layers of the earth. Therefore, the interior of earth can not be studied only by direct observations. The earth has a radius of about 6371 km, although it is about 22 km larger at equator than at poles. If you look at the outside of the planet, you can see that about 65% of the planet is covered by oceans of water.
The earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous. The structure of the earth crust 650 km upper mantle soft 370 km transitional zone 600 km lower mantle solid 1700 km outer core liquid 2100 km inner core solid 50 km the earth is made up of three main layers. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. The interior of the earth, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers. Internal boundaries separating homogeneous layers can be accounted for. These layers are both physically and chemically different. The internal structure of the earth the crust the crust makes up only 0. The asthenosphere is a semisolid layer of hot rock thats found at the top of the upper mantle. The outer core is the only liquid layer of the earth a sea of mostly iron and nickel. Chemically, earth can be divided into the crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, and inner core. How many main layers is the internal structure of the earth made of. It is the layer upon which the tectonic plates float. Crust the crust is the thinnest layer of the earth and is the layer we live on. Earth and of the earths internal structure are also emphasized because the journey utilizes a.
The mantle is by far the biggest part of the earth making up more than 85% of the earths mass. The metal at the inner core stays solid because of the incredible pressure surrounding it. Then, write the name of the layer of earth described by each statement. Physics of the earths interior universiteit utrecht. The internal structure of the earth is made up of the asthenosphere, the upper mantle, the lower mantle, the outer core and the inner core. And all the white stuff in between is like the earths mantle the largest layer which, in the case of the earth, is of medium density, and, in the case of an egg, tastes best with a bit of salt and pepper. The structure of the earth the earth consists of four concentric layers. The interior structure of the earth is layered in spherical shells, like an onion. Among the three layers of the internal structure of the earth which is the most dense layer. Earths layers from the online edition of the book this dynamic earth. The inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis of systematic processing and evaluation of the traditional and newer theories and conceptions. The book focuses on the structure, composition, and characteristics of the earths crust. The composition and structure of earth physical geography. The details of the internal structure crust, mantle, outer core, and.
This lesson includes a powerpoint aimed at lower ability year 8. Internal forces and their influence on the earths surface. The eggs shell is like the earths crust a thin veneer of rigid, low density material at the surface. The learner will learn about plate tectonics and the roles of orogenic processes. The core is composed mostly of iron fe and is so hot that the outer core is molten, with about 10% sulphur s. Because of the shallowness of the atmosphere, its motions over large areas are primarily horizontal. Vertical structure of the atmosphere from meteorology today. Lesson 1 figure 1 earths landscape is the result of internal and external forces constantly acting upon the surface.
But its properties are studied indirectly by deducing conclusions from the study of earthquake waves that propagate through the interior rocks and other such indirect means. Breaking apart the structure the structure of the planet is fairly simple to understand. Learn about the structure of the earth s interior crust, mantle and core and composition of its different layers. Use the prime questions on the inside front cover of the structure of earth to stimulate students thinking. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur at plate boundaries. It has an area of rock that flows like a thick liquid. Earth has an outer silicate solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core that is much less viscous than the mantle, and a solid inner core. Just as the atmosphere has layers, the upper layers of the earth have layers. Scientific understandi ding of the internal structure of the earth is based on.
The asthenosphere is partially molten upper mantle material that behaves plastically and can flow. Its interior, structure and composition amit sengupta. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Earths layered structure, continental crust, oceanic crust, upper. The crust is made up of tectonic plates, which are in constant motion. Internal structure of the earth physical layering determining the earths internal structure c. They each have unique characteristics as described below.
Made mainly of iron, the temperature of the ball is 5,000c to 6,000c thats up to 6,000 times hotter than our atmosphere and scorching enough to make metal melt. Velocity and density variation within the earth the immense amount of heat energy released from gravitational energy and from the decay of radioactive elements melted the entire planet, and it. This article talks about the structure of earth the crust, mantle, and core. The mantle is much hotter and has the ability to flow. The interior structure of the earth is composed of three main layers. The earth has an outer solid crust, a highly viscous mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core the boundaries between these layers were discovered by seismographs detecting the way vibrations bounced off the layers during earthquakes.
Mechanically, it can be divided into lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesospheric mantle, outer core, and the inner core. The earths interior structure lecture 1 how do we know whats inside the earth. These layers can be defined by their chemical and their rheological properties. Internal structure of the earth flashcards quizlet. Why do the continents move, and what causes earthquakes and volcanoes. Earths crust is divided into plates that move like bricks over freshly laid mortar. The earth has an outer solid layer called the crust, a highly viscous layer called the mantle, a liquid layer that is the outer part of the core, called the outer core, and a solid center called the inner core. Composition of earth as discussed earlier, the mass of the earth is approximately 5.
The most fundamental approach to gleaning earth structure from seismic waves is. The rest of the 35% of the surface is made up of the continents. The density of material at the mantle core boundary is around 5 gcm 3 and at the centre of the earth at 6,300 km, the density value is around gcm 3. Interior structure of the earth we have already seen how we can combine data with our knowledge of the basic parameters of the earth to determine that the earth is a stratified planet, that means, that the density of the earth increases as we go down to greater depths in the earth. Composition and structure of the atmosphere composition evolution vertical structure. The outer core is in liquid state while the inner core is in solid state. I internal forces and their influence on the earths surface plasienka d. The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron. The outer layer, known as the crust, ranges in thickness from a few kilometres under the oceans to almost 50 km under mountain. Earth system nikita glazovsky encyclopedia of life support systems eolss up to about 100 km the atmosphere is fairly homogeneous in its chemical composition. Essentially the structure of the earth consists of a hard iron core which sits at the centre of a molten liquid sphere surrounded by a solid crust of rock. Key concepts of earths structure the activities in this topic are designed to explore the following key concepts. Encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1. The thickness of the crust under the oceanic and continental areas are different.
Also, the origin of many phenomena like earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunami etc are linked with the structure of earths interior. But there is much more to these layers each with very specific properties which are required for life on earth. When taken as a whole, the earths chemical composition by mass has been approximated as given in the table below. Learn the basics about structure of the earth and the composition its different layers. Understanding the basic structure of earth is very important to learn higher concepts well. The earths internal layered structure and composition d. Internal structure of the earth and pangean geography. It is given fact that the radius of earth is 6,370 km. This animation by earthquide shows the layers by composition and by mechanical properties. Test your understanding of the earths internal structure with this quiz and worksheet. The structure of the earths crust based on seismic data covers the papers presented at an international upper mantle committee lumc symposium called crustal structure based on seismic data, held on july 3031, 1971. Pdf the inner structure of the earth is described by the authors on the basis. In this article geography section, we discuss the interior of the earth. Lithosphere the outer rigid shell of the earths structure, extending from the surface to about km deep outer blue line on drawing.
The earths inner core is a huge metal ball, 2,500km wide. Earths crust in motion the earths surface and its geological features, such as mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes, are all caused by lithospheric plate activity. Radial structure, chemical composition, and phase transformations inferring earths composition is a prerequisite to understanding its evolution and dynamics as well as those of planets like it. The earth is approximately 12,740 kilometers in diameter, and is stratified into layers as shown in the illustration to the right. Many are probably pieces of protoplanets similar in composition to earth. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. Structure of the earth simple english wikipedia, the. Develop understanding of the structure of the earths interior. It is made up of a variety of rocks and can reach up. The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a brittle, rigid solid. It is roughly 1800 3200 miles below the surface and about 1400 miles thick. Density, massvolume, temperature, and pressure increase with depth. We infer from this and other data that there is a heavy central part in the earth.
1174 647 1008 1296 1320 595 1435 888 1547 722 515 465 1442 32 1490 780 3 146 41 729 584 374 562 760 405 355 862 693 920 1141 469 1381 99 1254 302 895 690 1606 962 277 489 36 1004 371 64 787 638 449 1373 1357